Hand anatomy

Hand Anatomy is the study of the structure of the hand, including its bones, muscles, tendons, and other structures. The hand is a complex part of the human body that is used for fine motor skills, such as writing and manipulating objects, as well as for strength tasks like gripping.

Bones of the Hand

The hand consists of 27 bones: the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The carpals are eight small bones that make up the wrist. The metacarpals are the five bones in the palm of the hand. The phalanges are the 14 bones that make up the fingers and thumb.

Muscles of the Hand

The muscles of the hand are divided into two groups: the extrinsic muscles, which originate outside the hand, and the intrinsic muscles, which originate within the hand. The extrinsic muscles are responsible for the gross movements of the hand and fingers, while the intrinsic muscles control the fine movements.

Tendons and Ligaments of the Hand

The tendons and ligaments of the hand work together to provide stability and movement. The tendons connect the muscles to the bones, allowing for movement, while the ligaments connect the bones to each other, providing stability.

Nerves of the Hand

The hand is innervated by three main nerves: the ulnar nerve, the median nerve, and the radial nerve. These nerves provide sensation to the hand and control the muscles.

Blood Supply of the Hand

The hand receives its blood supply from the ulnar artery and the radial artery, which branch off from the brachial artery in the forearm.

Clinical Significance

Understanding the anatomy of the hand is crucial in many fields of medicine, including orthopedics, neurology, and plastic surgery. Conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis, and fractures can affect the hand, and treatment often requires a detailed understanding of hand anatomy.