Ionotropic GABA receptor

Ionotropic GABA receptors are a class of GABA receptors that function as ligand-gated ion channels. They are activated by the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Structure

Ionotropic GABA receptors are composed of five subunits that form a central pore, which is permeable to chloride ions. The subunits are drawn from a pool of 19 different types, and the combination of subunits determines the properties of the receptor. The most common type of ionotropic GABA receptor is the GABA_A receptor.

Function

When GABA binds to an ionotropic GABA receptor, it causes the receptor to open its central pore, allowing chloride ions to flow into the cell. This influx of chloride ions hyperpolarizes the cell, making it less likely to fire an action potential. This inhibitory effect helps to balance the excitatory activity of other neurotransmitters, such as glutamate.

Clinical significance

Ionotropic GABA receptors are the target of several classes of drugs, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. These drugs enhance the effect of GABA at the receptor, leading to increased inhibitory activity in the brain. This can have a range of effects, from reducing anxiety and promoting sleep to causing sedation and loss of consciousness.

See also

• Metabotropic GABA receptor
• GABA receptor antagonist
• GABA receptor agonist