Iproniazid

Iproniazid

Iproniazid is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and antidepressant that was widely used in the 1950s and 1960s. It was one of the first antidepressants to be discovered and was initially used to treat tuberculosis before its antidepressant properties were discovered.

History

Iproniazid was first synthesized in the late 1940s by the Hoffmann-La Roche pharmaceutical company as a treatment for tuberculosis. However, during clinical trials, it was observed that the drug had a stimulating effect on the mood of patients, leading to its use as an antidepressant.

Mechanism of Action

Iproniazid works by inhibiting the action of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase (MAO). This enzyme is responsible for breaking down monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. By inhibiting MAO, Iproniazid increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, which can help to alleviate symptoms of depression.

Side Effects and Risks

Like all medications, Iproniazid can cause side effects. These can include nausea, dizziness, and insomnia. In rare cases, Iproniazid can cause more serious side effects such as liver damage or hypertensive crisis, a severe increase in blood pressure.

Withdrawal from Market

Iproniazid was withdrawn from the market in the 1960s due to concerns about its safety, particularly the risk of liver damage. However, it paved the way for the development of other MAOIs and contributed to our understanding of the role of neurotransmitters in depression.

See Also

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
• Antidepressant
• Serotonin
• Norepinephrine
• Dopamine