Hypertensive crisis

Hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a stroke. Extremely high blood pressure — a top number (systolic pressure) of 180 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or higher or a bottom number (diastolic pressure) of 120 mm Hg or higher — can damage blood vessels. The blood vessels become inflamed and may leak fluid or blood. As a result, the heart may not be able to pump blood effectively.

Types[edit | edit source]

There are two types of hypertensive crises—Urgent hypertensive crisis and Emergency hypertensive crisis. Urgent hypertensive crises are those where the blood pressure is extremely high, but there is no associated organ damage. On the other hand, emergency hypertensive crises are those where the extremely high blood pressure has caused damage to the organs.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of a hypertensive crisis can include severe headache, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, and severe anxiety, among others. However, a hypertensive crisis can occur without symptoms.

Causes[edit | edit source]

A hypertensive crisis can occur in patients with hypertension, especially if they do not take their prescribed antihypertensive medication. Other potential causes can include certain medications and drugs, kidney disease, or preeclampsia.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for a hypertensive crisis may include hospitalization, oral or intravenous (IV) medications, and close monitoring of the patient's condition. The goal of treatment is to slowly reduce blood pressure to avoid a rapid drop that can damage organs.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Prevention strategies for a hypertensive crisis include regular check-ups with a healthcare provider, proper management of high blood pressure with lifestyle changes and medication, and monitoring blood pressure at home.