Panic attack

Introduction

A Panic attack is an abrupt onset of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes and includes at least four of the following symptoms: palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate; sweating; trembling or shaking; sensations of shortness of breath or smothering; feelings of choking; chest pain or discomfort; nausea or abdominal distress; feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint; chills or heat sensations; paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations); derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself); fear of losing control or "going crazy"; and fear of dying.

Causes and Risk Factors

Panic attacks can occur in the context of many different mental disorders as well as certain medical conditions, such as heart disease, hyperthyroidism, and certain respiratory disorders. They may also occur without any identifiable cause. Risk factors include major life changes, traumatic events, and a family history of panic attacks or other mental health disorders.

Symptoms and Complications

Panic attacks are characterized by the sudden onset of intense fear or discomfort, which often feels overwhelming and uncontrollable. Physical symptoms can include a rapid heartbeat, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, and numbness. Psychological symptoms can include a feeling of impending doom, fear of dying, or fear of losing control. If left untreated, repeated panic attacks can lead to conditions such as panic disorder and agoraphobia.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a panic attack is based on the individual's symptoms. A thorough medical history and physical examination may be conducted to rule out other conditions that can mimic a panic attack, such as heart disease or hyperthyroidism.

Treatment

Treatment for panic attacks often involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which can help individuals understand and change thought patterns that lead to panic attacks. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or benzodiazepines may also be used. Self-care strategies, such as relaxation techniques and regular physical activity, can also be beneficial.

References

Panic attack Resources
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