Hypertensive retinopathy

Hypertensive retinopathy is a medical condition associated with high blood pressure, specifically chronic and uncontrolled high blood pressure. It is a complication that affects the retina, the part of the eye responsible for converting light into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as visual images.

Causes

The primary cause of hypertensive retinopathy is chronic hypertension. When blood pressure remains high over a long period, it can cause damage to the blood vessels in the retina. This damage can lead to a range of symptoms and complications.

Symptoms

Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy can vary depending on the severity of the condition. In the early stages, there may be no noticeable symptoms. As the condition progresses, symptoms may include blurred vision, headaches, and vision loss.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy typically involves a comprehensive eye examination. This may include a fundus examination, which involves examining the back of the eye, including the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels. Other diagnostic tests may include fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography.

Treatment

Treatment for hypertensive retinopathy primarily involves managing the underlying high blood pressure. This can involve lifestyle changes, medication, or in severe cases, surgery. In some cases, treatment may also involve addressing any damage to the retina or other parts of the eye.

Prognosis

The prognosis for hypertensive retinopathy depends on a variety of factors, including the severity of the condition, the effectiveness of treatment, and the patient's overall health. With effective management of blood pressure, the progression of the condition can often be slowed or halted.

See also

• Hypertension
• Retina
• Eye examination
• Fundus examination