Primary hypertension

Primary Hypertension

Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is a type of hypertension that does not have a known secondary cause. It is the most common type of hypertension, affecting about 90 to 95 percent of hypertensive patients.

Etiology

The exact cause of primary hypertension is unknown. However, several factors are believed to play a role in its development. These include genetic factors, environmental factors, and lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity.

Pathophysiology

Primary hypertension is characterized by an increase in blood pressure due to an increase in vascular resistance. This is often associated with changes in the vasculature, including vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with primary hypertension may be asymptomatic or may present with symptoms related to the increased blood pressure. These can include headache, dizziness, blurred vision, and shortness of breath.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of primary hypertension is typically made based on a series of blood pressure measurements taken over time. Other tests, such as blood tests, urinalysis, and imaging studies, may be used to rule out secondary causes of hypertension.

Treatment

The treatment of primary hypertension typically involves lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive medications. The goal of treatment is to reduce blood pressure and prevent complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for patients with primary hypertension is generally good. However, uncontrolled hypertension can lead to serious complications and a reduced life expectancy.

See Also

• Secondary hypertension
• Hypertensive crisis
• Hypertension in pregnancy

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