Ischiopagi

Ischiopagi is a rare form of conjoined twins where the twins are joined at the pelvis. This condition is extremely rare and is associated with a number of medical challenges.

Overview

Ischiopagi occurs when a single fertilized egg fails to fully separate during the process of embryogenesis. This results in two fetuses that are physically connected. The exact cause of this phenomenon is not known, but it is believed to be a random event that occurs during early pregnancy.

Characteristics

In cases of ischiopagi, the twins are typically joined at the pelvis, sharing a common intestine and genitourinary system. They may also share a liver or other organs. The degree of connection and the number of shared organs can vary widely from case to case.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ischiopagi is typically made through ultrasound during pregnancy. This can often detect the presence of conjoined twins as early as the first trimester. Further imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scan, may be used to determine the extent of the connection and the number of shared organs.

Treatment

Treatment for ischiopagi is complex and depends on the specific circumstances of each case. In some cases, surgical separation may be possible. However, this is a major operation with significant risks, including the potential for serious complications or even death. In other cases, supportive care may be the best option.

Prognosis

The prognosis for ischiopagi varies widely depending on the extent of the connection and the number of shared organs. In general, the survival rate for conjoined twins is low, and many die shortly after birth. However, with advances in medical and surgical care, some conjoined twins are able to live relatively normal lives.

See also

• Conjoined twins
• Embryogenesis
• Ultrasound
• MRI
• CT scan

Ischiopagi Resources
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