Isfahan

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Isfahan (Persian: اصفهان‎, Esfahān), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan, Esfahan or Hispahan, is a city in Iran. It is located in the central part of the country and serves as the capital of Isfahan Province. With its rich history, architectural wonders, and vibrant cultural scene, Isfahan is considered one of the most important cities in Iran and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its Persian architecture.

History

Isfahan's history dates back to the Paleolithic era, and it became more prominent during the Achaemenid Empire when it was known as Aspadana. It reached the height of its prosperity in the 16th century under the Safavid dynasty, when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history. During this period, many of the city's most famous buildings were constructed, including the Naqsh-e Jahan Square, the Shah Mosque, and the Ali Qapu palace. The city's architectural achievements from the Safavid era are considered among the peaks of Persian art and architecture.

Geography

Isfahan is situated at the foot of the Zagros Mountains, approximately 340 km south of Tehran, in a large fertile plain. The Zayanderud River flows through the city, adding to its beauty and providing vital irrigation for the surrounding agricultural areas.

Culture

Isfahan is known for its distinctive Persian–Islamic architecture, with many beautiful boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, mosques, and minarets. The city also has a strong cultural heritage in the arts, including Persian carpets, fine textiles, and traditional Persian music. The Isfahan Music Museum is a testament to the city's musical traditions.

Economy

The economy of Isfahan is diverse, encompassing industries such as steel, textiles, and petrochemicals. The city is also a major center for Iran's nuclear technology. Traditional crafts, such as carpet weaving, enamel work, and miniature painting, continue to play an important role in the city's economy.

Education

Isfahan is a significant center for higher education and research in Iran. The city is home to several universities and higher education institutions, including Isfahan University of Technology and University of Isfahan, which are among the country's top academic institutions.

Tourism

Isfahan attracts millions of tourists annually, drawn by its historic sites, including the UNESCO-listed Naqsh-e Jahan Square, which is one of the largest city squares in the world. Other notable attractions include the Si-o-se-pol and Khaju bridges, the Chehel Sotoun palace, and the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, which is one of the oldest mosques in Iran.

Transportation

The city is served by the Isfahan International Airport and has a comprehensive public transportation system that includes buses and a metro line. The metro system is under expansion to better serve the city's growing population and the needs of its visitors.

See also

• List of World Heritage Sites in Iran
• Persian architecture
• History of Iran