Isoxaprolol
Isoxaprolol[edit | edit source]
Isoxaprolol is a beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker) used primarily in the treatment of hypertension and certain types of cardiac arrhythmias. It is a synthetic compound that works by blocking the effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) on the beta receptors of the heart and blood vessels, leading to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Isoxaprolol functions by selectively inhibiting the beta-1 adrenergic receptors located primarily in cardiac tissue. This selective inhibition reduces the heart rate, decreases cardiac output, and lowers blood pressure, making it effective in managing conditions such as hypertension and angina pectoris. Unlike non-selective beta-blockers, isoxaprolol has a reduced effect on beta-2 adrenergic receptors, which are found in the lungs and vascular smooth muscle, thus minimizing the risk of bronchoconstriction.
Clinical Uses[edit | edit source]
Isoxaprolol is indicated for the management of:
- Hypertension: By lowering blood pressure, isoxaprolol helps reduce the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular events.
- Angina pectoris: It decreases myocardial oxygen demand by reducing heart rate and contractility.
- Cardiac arrhythmias: Isoxaprolol is used to manage certain types of arrhythmias by stabilizing the cardiac rhythm.
Pharmacokinetics[edit | edit source]
Isoxaprolol is administered orally and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It undergoes hepatic metabolism and is excreted primarily via the kidneys. The half-life of isoxaprolol allows for once or twice daily dosing, depending on the clinical scenario and patient response.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects of isoxaprolol include:
Less common but serious side effects may include:
- Heart failure
- Bronchospasm in susceptible individuals
- Hypotension
Contraindications[edit | edit source]
Isoxaprolol is contraindicated in patients with:
- Asthma or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Bradycardia
- Heart block greater than first degree
- Cardiogenic shock
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