Jersey finger

Jersey Finger is a type of flexor tendon injury that occurs when the tip of a finger is forcibly extended while the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscle, which controls finger flexion, is actively contracting. This injury is common in sports and activities that involve gripping, such as American football, where it was first described and thus named after the jerseys worn by players. The injury typically affects the ring finger and can lead to a loss of the ability to flex the fingertip, significantly impairing hand function.

Causes and Mechanism

Jersey Finger occurs when a sudden force is applied to the tip of a finger while it is actively trying to flex. This is often seen in sports when a player's finger catches on another player's clothing or equipment, leading to an abrupt extension of the finger. The forceful extension can cause the FDP tendon to avulse, or pull away, from its insertion point on the distal phalanx (the bone at the tip of the finger).

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptom of a Jersey Finger is the inability to flex the fingertip. There may also be pain and swelling around the base of the finger. In some cases, a palpable gap can be felt where the tendon has retracted. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and may be confirmed with imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI to assess the extent of the injury and the position of the retracted tendon.

Classification

Jersey Finger injuries are classified based on the severity of the tendon retraction and the presence of bone fragments. The most commonly used system is the Leddy and Packer classification, which categorizes the injuries into three types:

• Type I: The tendon retracts to the palm.
• Type II: The tendon retracts to the level of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP).
• Type III: A large bone fragment is avulsed with the tendon.

Treatment

Treatment for Jersey Finger depends on the severity of the injury. Non-surgical treatment may be an option for very minor injuries, but most cases require surgical intervention to reattach the tendon to the distal phalanx. Surgery is typically followed by a period of immobilization and a structured rehabilitation program to restore flexibility and strength. Early treatment is crucial to prevent long-term disability.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation after surgery for a Jersey Finger injury involves several stages, starting with immobilization to allow the tendon repair to heal. This is followed by gradual exercises to increase range of motion, and later, strengthening exercises. The goal is to restore full function to the finger, but recovery can take several months.

Prevention

Preventing Jersey Finger injuries involves using proper technique and wearing appropriate protective gear during activities that pose a risk. Strengthening and flexibility exercises for the hands and fingers can also help reduce the risk of injury.

See Also

• Flexor Tendon Injuries
• Hand Injuries
• Sports Injuries