KIF4A

KIF4A (Kinesin Family Member 4A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF4A gene. It is a member of the kinesin superfamily of motor proteins, which are known for their ability to move along microtubules in cells, playing critical roles in cell division, intracellular transport, and the maintenance of cell shape.

Function

KIF4A is involved in several key cellular processes, including chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis, organization of the mitotic spindle, and regulation of chromatin structure. It functions as a plus-end-directed motor protein, meaning it moves towards the plus end of microtubules, transporting various cellular cargoes, including chromosomes and other molecular complexes.

During cell division, KIF4A is crucial for the proper segregation of chromosomes. It helps to condense chromosomes, ensuring they are correctly aligned and separated to the daughter cells. KIF4A's role in condensing chromosomes is partly mediated through its interaction with condensin complexes, which are essential for chromosome architecture and segregation.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression or function of KIF4A have been implicated in various cancers. Overexpression of KIF4A has been observed in several types of cancer, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer, where it is often associated with poor prognosis. The protein's role in cell division makes it a potential target for cancer therapy, as inhibiting its function could disrupt the proliferation of cancer cells.

Genetic Information

The KIF4A gene is located on the human chromosome X, specifically at Xq13.1. It consists of multiple exons and introns, spanning a significant portion of the chromosome. The gene encodes a protein of approximately 1,238 amino acids, characterized by a motor domain that exhibits ATPase activity, essential for its movement along microtubules.

Research

Research on KIF4A continues to uncover its various roles in cellular processes and its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer. Studies are also exploring its involvement in other diseases and conditions, further highlighting the importance of this motor protein in human biology.