Karakum Canal

Hanhowuz reservoir 2014

Karakum Canal is one of the largest irrigation and water supply canals in the world, located in Turkmenistan. The canal is an essential infrastructure project that has played a significant role in the development of the arid Central Asian country, providing vital water resources for agriculture, human consumption, and industrial use.

History

The construction of the Karakum Canal began in 1954, during the era of the Soviet Union. The canal was designed to divert water from the Amu Darya river across the Karakum Desert, hence its name. The primary goal was to irrigate the desert lands to boost agricultural production and support the growing population and economy of the region. The canal was completed in several stages, with the major part finished by the early 1960s. Over the years, additional works have been carried out to extend the canal and improve its infrastructure.

Geography

The Karakum Canal starts from the Amu Darya river near the town of Kerki and runs westward through the Karakum Desert. It stretches for approximately 1,375 kilometers (854 miles), making it one of the longest canals in the world. The canal passes through several major Turkmen cities, including Turkmenabat, Mary, and Ashgabat, before reaching its endpoint near the Caspian Sea. The canal's route through the desert has transformed the landscape, turning previously barren areas into fertile lands.

Impact

The Karakum Canal has had a profound impact on Turkmenistan's economy and environment. It has enabled the expansion of irrigated farming in the region, significantly increasing the production of cotton, wheat, and various fruits and vegetables. This agricultural boost has contributed to the country's food security and economic development.

However, the canal has also faced criticism for its environmental impact. The diversion of water from the Amu Darya has contributed to the shrinking of the Aral Sea, one of the most notable environmental disasters of the 20th century. Additionally, the inefficient use of water and the seepage from the canal have led to waterlogging and salinization of soils in some areas.

Future Prospects

Efforts are ongoing to modernize the Karakum Canal and improve its water management practices. Projects aimed at reducing water loss, enhancing irrigation efficiency, and preventing environmental degradation are critical for the sustainable use of the canal. The Turkmen government, along with international organizations, is working on various initiatives to address these challenges and ensure the canal continues to serve the needs of the country's population and economy.

Karakum Canal Resources
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