Kidd antigen system

Kidd antigen system is a blood group system that was discovered in 1951. It is named after the patient, Mrs. Kidd, in whom the first antibody was found. The Kidd antigen system is clinically significant because it can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn and transfusion reactions.

History

The Kidd antigen system was discovered in 1951 when a post-transfusion reaction occurred in Mrs. Kidd. The antigen that caused the reaction was subsequently named after her. The antibody that reacts with this antigen is often difficult to detect in blood typing tests because it tends to bind to the red cells and not remain in the serum.

Structure and Function

The Kidd antigen system is encoded by the SLC14A1 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called urea transporter B, which is found in the kidney and red blood cells. This protein plays a crucial role in the concentration of urine and the maintenance of water balance in the body.

Clinical Significance

The Kidd antigen system is clinically significant in blood transfusion and pregnancy. If a person with Kidd antibodies is transfused with Kidd antigen-positive blood, a hemolytic transfusion reaction can occur. Similarly, if a pregnant woman has Kidd antibodies, there is a risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

See Also

• Blood group system
• Hemolytic disease of the newborn
• Transfusion reaction