Kisspeptin

Kisspeptin is a protein that is encoded by the KISS1 gene in humans. It is a potent stimulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and plays a crucial role in the regulation of the reproductive system.

Function

Kisspeptin is a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which is responsible for the control of reproductive function. It acts by binding to the Kiss1 receptor (KISS1R), also known as GPR54, a G-protein coupled receptor located on GnRH neurons. This binding triggers the release of GnRH, which in turn stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. These hormones are essential for the regulation of ovulation in females and spermatogenesis in males.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the kisspeptin system have been associated with a variety of reproductive disorders. Mutations in the KISS1 or KISS1R genes can lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a condition characterized by delayed or absent puberty and infertility. Conversely, overexpression of kisspeptin has been implicated in the development of precocious puberty, a condition where puberty occurs at an unusually early age.

In addition, kisspeptin has been investigated as a potential therapeutic target for reproductive disorders. For example, kisspeptin agonists are being explored as potential treatments for conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

See also

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
• Kiss1 receptor
• Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
• Precocious puberty