Klemm's sign

Klemm's sign is a clinical sign in which there is a limitation of upward gaze in the eyes. It is named after the German neurologist, Karl Klemm, who first described it. This sign is often associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

Causes

Klemm's sign is typically caused by damage to the midbrain, specifically the region responsible for controlling vertical eye movements. This damage can occur due to a variety of conditions, including:

• Parkinson's disease: This is a long-term degenerative disorder of the nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms generally come on slowly over time, and early in the disease, the most obvious symptoms are shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking.

• Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP): This is a degenerative disease involving the gradual deterioration and death of specific volumes of the brain. The condition leads to symptoms including loss of balance, slowing of movement, difficulty moving the eyes, and dementia.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Klemm's sign is typically made through a clinical examination. The patient is asked to look upwards, and if they are unable to do so, this is indicative of Klemm's sign. Further diagnostic tests may be required to determine the underlying cause of the sign, such as MRI or CT scan.

Treatment

Treatment for Klemm's sign involves addressing the underlying cause. This may involve medication, surgery, or other interventions depending on the specific condition. For example, in the case of Parkinson's disease, medications such as levodopa may be used to manage symptoms.

See also

• List of eponyms in medicine
• List of medical symptoms
• List of neurological conditions and disorders

Klemm's sign Resources
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