Klotho (biology)

Klotho is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KL gene. Klotho is named after the Greek goddess who spins the thread of life; she is one of the Three Fates or Moirai.

Function

Klotho protein functions as a circulating hormone that binds to a cell-surface receptor and represses intracellular signals of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for extending lifespan. It plays a role in various processes such as aging, longevity, and tumor suppression. Klotho protein exists in both a full-length membrane form and a truncated soluble form.

Clinical significance

Alterations in Klotho gene expression and Klotho protein function can lead to chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis, which are all age-related diseases. Klotho is also involved in skin health, with a decrease in Klotho levels associated with increased skin atrophy and fragility.

Research

Research into Klotho continues to provide insights into its role in the biology of aging and longevity. Studies have shown that overexpression of Klotho in mice extends their lifespan, while a deficiency in Klotho expression leads to a syndrome resembling rapid human aging.

See also

• Aging
• Longevity
• Insulin
• Insulin-like growth factor 1
• Chronic kidney disease
• Cardiovascular disease
• Osteoporosis