Klotho (biology)

Klotho is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KL gene. Klotho is named after the Greek goddess who spins the thread of life; she is one of the Three Fates or Moirai.

Function[edit | edit source]

Klotho protein functions as a circulating hormone that binds to a cell-surface receptor and represses intracellular signals of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for extending lifespan. It plays a role in various processes such as aging, longevity, and tumor suppression. Klotho protein exists in both a full-length membrane form and a truncated soluble form.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Alterations in Klotho gene expression and Klotho protein function can lead to chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis, which are all age-related diseases. Klotho is also involved in skin health, with a decrease in Klotho levels associated with increased skin atrophy and fragility.

Research[edit | edit source]

Research into Klotho continues to provide insights into its role in the biology of aging and longevity. Studies have shown that overexpression of Klotho in mice extends their lifespan, while a deficiency in Klotho expression leads to a syndrome resembling rapid human aging.