Korean conflict

Joint Security Area, Korean DMZ, looking south

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KMAG Headquarters, Seoul, South Korea circa 1950

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Korean War Memorial, Pyongyang, North Korea

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Korean War bombing Wonsan

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USS Pueblo, Pyongyang, 2012

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반상회 행사

Korean Conflict refers to a series of military clashes and diplomatic tensions on the Korean Peninsula, primarily involving North Korea and South Korea, along with their respective allies. The most significant and well-known phase of this conflict was the Korean War (1950-1953), but the term can also encompass post-war incidents, border skirmishes, and the ongoing state of tension between the two Koreas.

Background

The Korean Peninsula was unified under the Joseon Dynasty for several centuries before falling under Japanese occupation in 1910. Following Japan's defeat in World War II, Korea was divided along the 38th parallel into two occupation zones, with the Soviet Union occupying the north and the United States occupying the south. This division was intended to be temporary, but Cold War tensions escalated, leading to the establishment of two separate governments in 1948: the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) led by Kim Il-sung, and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) led by Syngman Rhee, each claiming to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula.

Korean War

The Korean Conflict escalated into open warfare with the North Korean invasion of South Korea on June 25, 1950. This act led to the United Nations (with the United States as the principal force) intervening on behalf of South Korea and the People's Republic of China entering the war in support of North Korea, along with assistance from the Soviet Union. The war ended in 1953 with an armistice agreement, but no peace treaty was signed, leaving the Korean Peninsula technically in a state of war.

Post-War Incidents and Tensions

Since the armistice, there have been numerous military skirmishes, naval battles, and incidents of espionage and assassination attempts. Notable incidents include the Axe Murder Incident (1976), the Rangoon bombing (1983), and the sinking of ROKS Cheonan (2010). The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), a heavily fortified border, separates the two Koreas and is a focal point for these tensions.

Nuclear Proliferation

A significant aspect of the ongoing Korean Conflict is North Korea's development of nuclear weapons and ballistic missile technology, which has led to international sanctions and heightened global tensions. Several rounds of Six-party talks (involving North and South Korea, China, Japan, Russia, and the United States) have been held in an attempt to address these issues, but with limited success.

Inter-Korean Relations

Despite the ongoing conflict, there have been periods of thawing relations, such as the Sunshine Policy of the late 1990s and early 2000s, which aimed at reconciliation and cooperation. More recently, the 2018 inter-Korean summits between Kim Jong-un and Moon Jae-in raised hopes for a peaceful resolution to the conflict. However, progress has been inconsistent, and the situation remains volatile.

See Also

• Cold War
• Armistice Agreement for the Restoration of the South Korean State
• Korean Demilitarized Zone
• North Korean defectors