L cell

L Cell

The L cell is a type of enteroendocrine cell found in the gastrointestinal tract. These cells are responsible for the production and secretion of several hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY).

Function

L cells are primarily located in the ileum and colon, where they play a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. They respond to the presence of nutrients in the gut by secreting hormones that influence appetite, insulin secretion, and gastric emptying.

GLP-1

GLP-1, one of the hormones produced by L cells, is a potent incretin hormone. It enhances insulin secretion from the pancreas in response to meals, suppresses glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite and food intake.

PYY

PYY is another hormone secreted by L cells. It is released postprandially, meaning after meals, and contributes to the "ileal brake", a feedback mechanism that slows gastric motility and secretion in response to unabsorbed nutrients in the ileum. PYY also reduces appetite and food intake.

Clinical significance

Given their role in regulating glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis, L cells are a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Drugs that mimic the action of GLP-1, known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, are currently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

See also

• Enteroendocrine cell
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Glucagon-like peptide-1
• Peptide YY
• Type 2 diabetes
• Obesity

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