Lactarius turpis

Lactarius turpis, commonly known as the Ugly Milkcap, is a species of mushroom in the genus Lactarius. It is found in Europe and has been noted for its distinctive appearance and the dark, almost black, milk it exudes when cut or broken. This species is part of the large family Russulaceae, which includes many other species of Lactarius and Russula mushrooms. Despite its unappealing name, Lactarius turpis has been of interest to mycologists and mushroom foragers due to its unique characteristics and its role in forest ecosystems.

Description

Lactarius turpis is easily recognizable by its olive-brown to dark brown cap, which can reach up to 15 cm in diameter. The cap is initially convex but becomes more funnel-shaped as it matures. The margin of the cap is inrolled when young and often has a slightly woolly appearance. The gills are crowded, and they are initially pale before turning a more pronounced brown with age. One of the most distinctive features of this mushroom is the dark, almost black milk that it secretes when the flesh is damaged, a characteristic trait among members of the Lactarius genus.

The stem of Lactarius turpis is robust, with a height of 4 to 7 cm and a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm. It shares the coloration of the cap but may be slightly lighter. The flesh of the mushroom is firm and has a mild to slightly acrid taste. The spore print of Lactarius turpis is cream to pale ochre.

Habitat and Distribution

Lactarius turpis is primarily found in Europe, particularly in northern and central regions. It forms mycorrhizal associations with various species of trees, most commonly with birches (Betula spp.), but it can also associate with other deciduous and coniferous trees. These symbiotic relationships are crucial for nutrient exchange between the fungus and its host tree. Lactarius turpis typically grows in moist, shaded areas of deciduous and mixed forests, often appearing from late summer to autumn.

Edibility

The Ugly Milkcap is generally considered inedible due to its bitter taste and the dark milk that may be unappealing to many. While not toxic, its culinary value is low, and it is often overlooked by foragers in favor of more palatable species.

Ecological Role

As a mycorrhizal fungus, Lactarius turpis plays a significant role in forest ecosystems by facilitating nutrient exchange between the soil and its host trees. This mutualistic relationship enhances the growth and health of forest trees and contributes to the overall biodiversity and stability of forest habitats.

See Also

• Mycorrhiza
• Russulaceae
• Mushroom hunting