Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) is a rare, childhood neurological syndrome characterized by the sudden or gradual development of aphasia (the inability to understand or express language) and an abnormal electro-encephalogram (EEG). LKS affects the parts of the brain that control comprehension and speech. The syndrome can also affect behavior and learning.

Symptoms

The key symptom of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is the gradual or sudden loss of the ability to understand and use spoken language. All children with LKS have abnormal electrical brain waves that can be documented by an electroencephalogram (EEG), a recording of the electric activity of the brain. In some cases, these abnormal brain waves may not appear until months after the onset of the aphasia. Behavioral disorders such as hyperactivity, aggressiveness and depression can also accompany LKS. In some cases, affected children may have seizures.

Causes

The cause of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is unknown. Some researchers believe it may be related to an autoimmune process. It is not associated with any other neurological or physical condition.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is based on the presence of its characteristic symptoms: loss of language skills, seizures, and abnormal EEG. Other tests that may be used to confirm the diagnosis include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans.

Treatment

Treatment for Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is symptomatic and may include anticonvulsant medications to control seizures, corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs to improve language skills, and speech therapy to regain lost language abilities.

Prognosis

The prognosis for children with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome varies. Some affected children may have a permanent severe language disorder, while others may regain much of their language abilities (although it may take months or years).

See also

• Aphasia
• Electroencephalogram
• Seizure
• Autoimmune disease

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome Resources
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