Langerin

Protein CD207 PDB 3C22

Langerin

Langerin is a type II transmembrane C-type lectin receptor that is primarily expressed in Langerhans cells, a subset of dendritic cells in the skin and mucosa. It plays a crucial role in the immune response by recognizing and binding to various pathogens and antigens.

Structure

Langerin is composed of a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that is responsible for binding to glycoproteins and carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens. It also contains a transmembrane domain that anchors the receptor to the cell membrane.

Function

Langerin functions as a pattern recognition receptor, allowing Langerhans cells to detect and capture pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Upon binding to its ligands, Langerin internalizes the pathogens into intracellular compartments for processing and presentation to T cells.

Role in Immunity

The interaction between Langerin and pathogens triggers signaling pathways that lead to the activation of immune responses. Langerhans cells process the captured antigens and present them to T cells, initiating adaptive immune responses against the invading pathogens.

Clinical Significance

Mutations or dysregulation of Langerin expression have been associated with various immune disorders and skin conditions. Understanding the role of Langerin in immunity may provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders.