Langhans giant cell

Langhans giant cell is a type of multinucleated giant cell that is found in granulomas, which are inflammatory nodules that are often associated with certain diseases such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. The cell is named after Theodor Langhans, a German pathologist.

Structure

Langhans giant cells are large cells that contain multiple nuclei. The nuclei are typically arranged in a horseshoe pattern around the periphery of the cell. This is in contrast to other types of giant cells, such as Touton giant cells, in which the nuclei are scattered throughout the cell.

Formation

Langhans giant cells are formed by the fusion of macrophages, a type of immune cell. This fusion is thought to occur in response to certain types of infection or inflammation. The exact mechanism of Langhans giant cell formation is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve the release of certain cytokines, or signaling molecules, by the macrophages.

Function

The function of Langhans giant cells is not entirely clear. They are often found in granulomas, which are thought to form as a protective response to contain an infection or other source of inflammation. It is thought that the Langhans giant cells may play a role in this process by helping to wall off the source of inflammation.

Clinical significance

Langhans giant cells are a characteristic feature of certain diseases, including tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. They can also be seen in other conditions that cause granuloma formation, such as leprosy, Crohn's disease, and Wegener's granulomatosis. The presence of Langhans giant cells in a biopsy sample can therefore be a useful diagnostic clue.

See also

• Multinucleated giant cell
• Granuloma
• Tuberculosis
• Sarcoidosis

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