Wegener's granulomatosis

Wegener's Granulomatosis (also known as Granulomatosis with polyangiitis or GPA) is a rare type of autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis). This inflammation can restrict blood flow to various organs, often severely affecting the kidneys and lungs.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Wegener's Granulomatosis can vary greatly from person to person, and depend on what parts of the body are affected. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, fever, night sweats, and general malaise. If the lungs are affected, symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, and bloody sputum. If the kidneys are affected, symptoms may include blood in the urine and kidney failure.

Causes

The exact cause of Wegener's Granulomatosis is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder. This means that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Some researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may trigger the disease.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Wegener's Granulomatosis can be challenging, as its symptoms can mimic those of other conditions. Doctors may use a variety of tests, including blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans, and biopsy of affected tissue.

Treatment

Treatment for Wegener's Granulomatosis typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. These may include corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. In severe cases, a type of treatment called plasma exchange may be used.

Prognosis

With treatment, many people with Wegener's Granulomatosis can lead normal lives. However, the disease can cause serious complications, including kidney failure and lung damage, which can be life-threatening.

See also

• Vasculitis
• Autoimmune disease
• Kidney failure
• Lung damage