Renovascular hypertension

Renovascular hypertension is a condition characterized by high blood pressure due to narrowing of the arteries that carry blood to the kidneys, a condition known as renal artery stenosis. This condition is a type of secondary hypertension, which means it is caused by an underlying health condition, unlike primary hypertension, which has no identifiable cause.

Causes

Renovascular hypertension is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty deposits build up in the arteries. Another cause is fibromuscular dysplasia, a condition that causes the walls of the arteries to grow abnormally. Both conditions can lead to narrowing of the renal arteries, reducing blood flow to the kidneys and triggering the release of hormones that raise blood pressure.

Symptoms

Symptoms of renovascular hypertension can vary and may be similar to those of other forms of hypertension. They can include headaches, shortness of breath, and visual disturbances. In some cases, renovascular hypertension can lead to renal failure, a serious condition where the kidneys stop working properly.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of renovascular hypertension typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests. These tests can include blood tests, urine tests, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and renal arteriography.

Treatment

Treatment for renovascular hypertension aims to control blood pressure and treat the underlying cause of the condition. This can involve lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, surgery or angioplasty to widen the narrowed renal arteries.

See also

• Hypertension
• Renal artery stenosis
• Atherosclerosis
• Fibromuscular dysplasia