Laryngotracheal reconstruction

Laryngotracheal reconstruction is a surgical procedure performed to treat airway obstruction in the larynx and trachea. This procedure is often used in cases where the patient has a congenital abnormality, injury, or disease that has caused a narrowing (or stenosis) of the airway.

Indications

Laryngotracheal reconstruction is indicated in patients with severe laryngotracheal stenosis, which can be caused by a variety of conditions including congenital disorders, trauma, infection, tumor, or prolonged intubation. The procedure is also indicated in patients who have failed previous attempts at airway dilation or stent placement.

Procedure

The procedure involves the use of cartilage grafts, usually harvested from the rib, to expand the narrowed airway. The graft is shaped and then inserted into the stenotic area to widen the airway. The procedure can be performed through an open approach, where an incision is made in the neck, or through an endoscopic approach, where instruments are inserted through the mouth.

Complications

As with any surgical procedure, laryngotracheal reconstruction carries risks. These can include bleeding, infection, graft rejection, and complications related to anesthesia. In some cases, the procedure may not fully resolve the airway obstruction, and further interventions may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis following laryngotracheal reconstruction is generally good, with many patients experiencing significant improvement in their breathing. However, the success of the procedure can depend on a variety of factors, including the severity of the stenosis, the patient's overall health, and the skill and experience of the surgeon.