Congenital abnormality
Also called birth defects, or congenital anomalies, these are disorders and or abnormalities that are from birth are called congenital abnormalities.
Causes[edit | edit source]
- Genetics. such as Fragile X syndrome, Turner syndrome, Down syndrome etc.
- Exposures to medicines, chemicals, or other toxic substances. such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
- Infections during pregnancy. such as Zika virus during pregnancy can cause a serious defect in the brain.
- Lack of certain nutrients. such as folic acid before and during pregnancy is a key factor in causing neural tube defects.
Who is at risk of having a baby with birth defects?[edit | edit source]
- Smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking "street" drugs during pregnancy
- Obesity or uncontrolled diabetes, before and during pregnancy
- Taking certain medicines
- Family history
- Advanced maternal age or 34 years or older
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Prenatal testing or during or after birth.
Treatment options[edit | edit source]
Treatment depends on the exact defect and the effect of the defect on the child's development and well being and can involve combination of medications, surgery when possible and supportive care.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Some of the birth defects can be prevented using the following measures:
- Prenatal care
- Get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day.
- Don't drink alcohol, smoke, or use "street" drugs
- Reducing or preventing use of excess chemicals and or medications.
List of common congenital anomalies[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD