Kangaroo care

Kangaroo care, also known as skin-to-skin care, is a method of holding a baby that involves direct skin-to-skin contact. The technique is named after the way kangaroos carry their young. It is primarily used for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) but is beneficial for full-term newborns as well. This method supports the baby's transition to the external world and promotes physical and emotional bonding between the infant and parents, particularly the mother.

Overview

Kangaroo care was developed in Bogotá, Colombia, in the late 1970s as a response to a high death rate in preterm babies, which was due in part to infections and a shortage of incubators. The practice involves the baby, wearing only a diaper and sometimes a hat, being placed in an upright position against the parent's bare chest. A blanket is wrapped around both to maintain warmth. This position facilitates thermoregulation, breastfeeding, and bonding.

Benefits

Kangaroo care has numerous benefits for both the infant and the parents. For the infant, it promotes:

• Thermoregulation: Helps maintain the baby's body temperature.
• Breastfeeding: Increases the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding by making it easier for the baby to access the breast.
• Bonding: Enhances emotional bonding and a sense of security.
• Growth and development: Supports physical and neurological development.
• Respiratory health: Stabilizes the baby's heart rate and breathing, reducing respiratory distress.
• Sleep: Improves the quality and duration of sleep.

For parents, particularly mothers, kangaroo care:

• Increases confidence in infant care.
• Enhances milk production and the likelihood of breastfeeding success.
• Reduces the risk of postpartum depression.
• Strengthens the parental bond with the baby.

Implementation

Kangaroo care can be initiated in the NICU for medically stable infants and should be continued at home. It is recommended that kangaroo care be practiced for several hours each day to maximize its benefits. Healthcare providers should offer guidance and support to ensure that kangaroo care is performed safely.

Research and Recommendations

Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of kangaroo care in improving outcomes for preterm and low birthweight infants. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends kangaroo care as a powerful and easy-to-use method to promote the health and well-being of these infants.

Challenges

Despite its benefits, the implementation of kangaroo care can be hindered by cultural norms, hospital policies, and lack of awareness among healthcare providers. Efforts are needed to educate and train healthcare teams and to promote kangaroo care as a standard practice.

Conclusion

Kangaroo care is a simple, cost-effective method to improve the health and well-being of newborns, particularly those born preterm or with low birth weight. By promoting physical and emotional bonding, supporting breastfeeding, and stabilizing the infant's physiological functions, kangaroo care offers significant advantages over traditional neonatal care practices.