Larynx edema

Larynx edema, also known as laryngeal edema, is a medical condition characterized by the swelling of the larynx, commonly referred to as the voice box. This condition can lead to significant breathing difficulties and changes in voice, as the larynx plays a crucial role in breathing, voice production, and protecting the airway during swallowing. Larynx edema can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, trauma, and exposure to irritants. It is considered a medical emergency when severe, as it can obstruct the airway and lead to life-threatening respiratory distress.

Causes

Larynx edema can be triggered by several factors, which include but are not limited to:

• Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions to foods, medications, or environmental factors can cause swelling in the larynx.
• Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can lead to inflammation and swelling of the laryngeal tissues.
• Trauma: Injury to the neck or direct trauma to the larynx can cause edema.
• Inhalation of Irritants: Exposure to smoke, chemicals, or other irritants can lead to swelling of the laryngeal tissues.
• Medical Procedures: Intubation or other medical procedures involving the throat can sometimes result in laryngeal edema.

Symptoms

The symptoms of larynx edema can vary depending on the severity of the swelling but may include:

• Difficulty breathing or stridor
• Changes in voice, such as hoarseness
• Coughing
• Throat pain or discomfort
• Feeling of tightness in the throat
• Difficulty swallowing

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of larynx edema involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Additional tests may include:

• Laryngoscopy: A procedure that allows the doctor to look at the larynx using a small, flexible camera.
• Imaging tests: Such as X-rays or CT scans to assess the extent of the swelling and to rule out other causes.
• Allergy testing: If an allergic reaction is suspected as the cause.

Treatment

Treatment for larynx edema focuses on reducing the swelling and addressing the underlying cause. Options may include:

• Corticosteroids: To quickly reduce inflammation and swelling.
• Epinephrine: In cases of severe allergic reaction.
• Antibiotics: If an infection is the cause.
• Breathing support: Such as oxygen therapy or, in severe cases, mechanical ventilation.
• Avoidance of irritants: To prevent further irritation and swelling.

Prevention

Preventing larynx edema involves avoiding known allergens, prompt treatment of infections, and careful use of the voice to prevent strain and injury. Individuals with known allergies may carry an epinephrine auto-injector to quickly address allergic reactions.

See Also

• Laryngitis
• Anaphylaxis
• Airway obstruction