Lateral release

Lateral release is a surgical procedure often performed to correct patellar tracking disorder or to alleviate knee pain associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome. The procedure involves cutting the lateral retinaculum, a ligament on the outer side of the knee, to allow the patella (kneecap) to move more freely and align properly in the trochlear groove of the femur during knee motion. This article provides an overview of the lateral release procedure, including indications, surgical technique, recovery, and potential complications.

Indications

Lateral release is typically indicated for patients who have not responded to conservative treatments for patellar tracking disorders or patellofemoral pain syndrome. These conservative treatments may include physical therapy, knee braces, and anti-inflammatory medications. Indications for the procedure include:

• Lateral patellar tilt without significant displacement
• Patellar tracking disorder leading to chronic knee pain or instability
• Failure of conservative treatments to alleviate symptoms

Surgical Technique

The lateral release procedure can be performed arthroscopically, a minimally invasive technique that uses small incisions and a camera to guide the surgery. The steps of the procedure include:

1. Anesthesia is administered to the patient.
2. Small incisions are made around the knee to insert the arthroscope and surgical instruments.
3. The lateral retinaculum is identified and carefully cut to release the tension on the patella.
4. The surgeon assesses the movement of the patella to ensure it tracks properly in the femoral groove.
5. The incisions are closed, and the knee is bandaged.

Recovery

Recovery from a lateral release procedure varies among patients but generally includes:

• Use of crutches or a knee brace to limit weight-bearing on the affected leg
• Participation in a physical therapy program to restore knee strength and flexibility
• Avoidance of strenuous activities until cleared by the surgeon

Most patients can return to normal activities within a few weeks to months after the procedure, depending on the individual's healing process and adherence to rehabilitation protocols.

Potential Complications

As with any surgical procedure, lateral release carries risks and potential complications, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Persistent knee pain
• Altered patellar tracking, potentially requiring further surgery
• Scar tissue formation

Conclusion

Lateral release is a surgical option for patients with certain types of knee pain or patellar tracking disorders who have not found relief through conservative treatments. While the procedure can offer significant benefits, including reduced pain and improved knee function, it is important for patients to discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider.