Lath and plaster

Lath

Lathwork and plaster

Lath and plaster is a building process used to finish mainly interior walls and ceilons. This technique was widely used before the advent of drywall in the mid-20th century. Lath and plaster construction involves the application of plaster over a framework of small, thin strips of wood known as laths. The laths are typically about 1 inch wide and are spaced apart on the wall or ceiling surface, onto which the wet plaster is applied. The process of lath and plaster provides a durable and versatile finish, allowing for the creation of smooth or textured surfaces.

History

The use of lath and plaster dates back centuries and was a common construction technique in Europe before becoming prevalent in North America. This method of wall construction was favored for its ability to be formed into decorative shapes, making it popular for use in Victorian architecture and other period styles. As technology and building practices evolved, lath and plaster were largely replaced by drywall, which is quicker and less labor-intensive to install.

Process

The traditional lath and plaster process involves several steps. First, wooden laths are nailed horizontally across the vertical studs in the wall or onto ceiling joists. Historically, these laths were made of riven (split) wood, but later, sawn laths became common. The space between the laths helps the plaster to key in once applied, creating a strong bond.

After the lath is in place, a coarse "scratch coat" of plaster is applied, worked into the spaces between the laths, and allowed to partially dry. This coat often contains hair or fiber to increase its strength. Next, a second, finer coat known as the "brown coat" or "float coat" is applied to smooth the surface. Finally, a thin "finish coat" is applied, creating a smooth surface ready for painting or wallpapering.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The lath and plaster method has several advantages, including its superior soundproofing qualities and the ability to create a seamless surface over irregularly shaped areas or curved walls. Additionally, plaster walls are more resistant to knocks and dents compared to drywall.

However, there are also disadvantages. The installation of lath and plaster is labor-intensive and requires skilled tradespeople, making it more expensive than installing drywall. It is also a time-consuming process, as each layer of plaster must be allowed to dry before the next is applied. Furthermore, lath and plaster walls can be prone to cracking as the building settles or if exposed to moisture.

Modern Use

While lath and plaster have largely been replaced by drywall and other modern materials, it is still used in the restoration of historic buildings or in the construction of high-end custom homes where the unique qualities of plaster are desired. Some builders and homeowners prefer plaster walls for their aesthetic appeal and traditional look.

See Also

• Drywall
• Plaster
• Victorian architecture
• Interior design

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