Levamfetamine

Levamfetamine is a psychoactive drug and research chemical of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It is the levorotatory stereoisomer of amphetamine. The dextrorotatory isomer dextroamphetamine is a more potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and is more commonly used.

Chemistry

Levamfetamine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as amphetamine and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing or derived from 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. It is a chiral compound with a single chiral center, which means it exists in two enantiomeric forms: the levo (L-) form and the dextro (D-) form. The L-form is less potent than the D-form in producing CNS stimulation, but it still has potential for abuse.

Pharmacology

Levamfetamine acts primarily by inducing the release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine from their storage areas in nerve terminals. These neurotransmitters are responsible for increasing arousal, alertness, and motor activity and for decreasing appetite. Levamfetamine has less effect on serotonin release and has a lower potential for neurotoxicity compared with other amphetamines.

Medical uses

Levamfetamine has been used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, although its use for these indications is less common than that of other amphetamines. It has also been used as an adjunct in the treatment of depression.

Side effects

Common side effects of levamfetamine include restlessness, insomnia, and loss of appetite. More serious side effects can include high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and psychosis. Long-term use can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use.

Legal status

In many countries, including the United States, levamfetamine is a controlled substance, which means its use is restricted due to its potential for abuse and addiction.

File:Levamfetamine.svg

Chemical structure of levamfetamine

See also

• Dextroamphetamine
• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine