Levonordefrin

Levonordefrin is a vasoconstrictor and adrenergic drug that is used in dentistry during local anesthetic procedures to prolong the duration of anesthetic effects. It is also known as Neo-Cobefrin and is a stereoisomer of norepinephrine.

Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

Levonordefrin acts as an alpha-adrenergic agonist, which means it stimulates the alpha-adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system. This stimulation results in vasoconstriction, or the narrowing of blood vessels. This effect is beneficial in dental procedures as it reduces bleeding in the surgical area and prolongs the duration of local anesthetic effects by reducing the rate of systemic absorption.

Uses[edit | edit source]

In dentistry, levonordefrin is commonly used in combination with local anesthetics such as mepivacaine. The addition of levonordefrin to mepivacaine increases the duration of the anesthetic effect and provides a deeper level of anesthesia. This combination is often used in procedures such as root canal treatment, tooth extraction, and other minor oral surgeries.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Like other adrenergic drugs, levonordefrin can cause side effects such as hypertension, tachycardia, and anxiety. These effects are usually mild and transient. However, in patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases, the use of levonordefrin should be done with caution.

Contraindications[edit | edit source]

Levonordefrin is contraindicated in patients with significant cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, and hyperthyroidism. It should also be used with caution in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), as these medications can potentiate the effects of levonordefrin.