Norepinephrine bitartrate

Norepinephrine Bitartrate is a synthetic form of norepinephrine, a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and hormone involved in the body's fight-or-flight response. It is used medically as a vasoconstrictor to increase blood pressure in certain conditions, such as acute hypotension. Norepinephrine Bitartrate is administered intravenously and acts by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors and, to a lesser extent, beta-adrenergic receptors in the vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.

Medical Uses

Norepinephrine Bitartrate is primarily used in the treatment of critical conditions such as septic shock, cardiogenic shock, and significant hypotension not responsive to fluid resuscitation alone. It is also used during cardiac arrest to improve blood flow to vital organs until more definitive medical treatments can be applied.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Norepinephrine Bitartrate acts by binding to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the vascular smooth muscle, causing vasoconstriction and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. This action results in an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It also has minor activity at beta-adrenergic receptors, which can lead to increased heart rate and contractility.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of Norepinephrine Bitartrate, when administered intravenously, are characterized by rapid onset of action. The drug is metabolized primarily in the liver and is excreted in the urine. Its half-life is relatively short, necessitating continuous infusion to maintain therapeutic levels in critically ill patients.

Adverse Effects

The use of Norepinephrine Bitartrate can be associated with several adverse effects due to its potent vasoconstrictive properties. These include hypertension, arrhythmias, and peripheral ischemia. Prolonged use or high doses can lead to reduced blood flow to the extremities and vital organs, potentially resulting in tissue damage.

Contraindications

Norepinephrine Bitartrate is contraindicated in patients with hypertensive emergency and those with hypersensitivity to the drug. Caution is advised in patients with conditions that may be exacerbated by vasoconstriction, such as peripheral vascular disease.

See Also

• Vasopressors
• Shock (circulatory)
• Adrenergic receptor