Dopamine (medication)

Dopamine (medication) is a type of drug used primarily in the treatment of certain medical conditions such as shock, heart failure, and low blood pressure. It is a catecholamine that functions as a neurotransmitter and a hormone in the body.

Pharmacology

Dopamine (medication) works by stimulating adrenergic receptors and dopamine receptors in the body. It is a direct precursor to the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine, which are involved in the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate. Dopamine (medication) is administered intravenously and its effects are dose-dependent. At low doses, it primarily stimulates dopamine receptors, leading to increased renal and mesenteric blood flow. At higher doses, it stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased heart rate and contractility. At very high doses, it stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction.

Clinical Uses

Dopamine (medication) is used in the treatment of a variety of conditions, including cardiogenic shock, septic shock, and neurogenic shock. It is also used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and hypotension. In addition, it is used off-label for certain conditions such as Parkinson's disease and depression.

Side Effects

Like all medications, dopamine (medication) can cause side effects. These may include tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmia, and angina. Less common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and anxiety. In rare cases, it can cause severe allergic reactions.

Contraindications

Dopamine (medication) is contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma, ventricular fibrillation, and uncorrected tachyarrhythmia. It should be used with caution in patients with hypovolemia, hyperthyroidism, and myocardial infarction.

See Also

• Adrenergic receptor
• Dopamine receptor
• Catecholamine
• Neurotransmitter
• Hormone