Linea alba (abdomen)

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Fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen

Anatomy

Latin	Linea alba

The linea alba (Latin for "white line") is a fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen in humans and other vertebrates. It is formed by the fusion of the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles and extends from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis.

Structure

The linea alba is composed primarily of collagen connective tissue. It is formed by the interlacing of the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. This structure provides a central attachment point for these muscles, contributing to the integrity and strength of the anterior abdominal wall.

Function

The primary function of the linea alba is to maintain the alignment and integrity of the abdominal muscles. It acts as a central tendon for the rectus abdominis muscles, allowing for the efficient transmission of force across the midline of the body. This is particularly important during activities that involve bending, twisting, and other movements of the torso.

Clinical significance

The linea alba is a common site for surgical incisions, particularly in procedures involving the abdomen. Its relatively avascular nature reduces the risk of bleeding during surgery. However, it is also a site where hernias, such as epigastric hernias, can occur due to weaknesses in the connective tissue.

Related structures

• Linea nigra: A dark vertical line that appears on the abdomen during pregnancy, which is a hyperpigmented form of the linea alba.
• Rectus sheath: The fibrous sheath formed by the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles, which encloses the rectus abdominis muscles and contributes to the formation of the linea alba.

See also

• Abdominal muscles
• Rectus abdominis
• Aponeurosis
• Hernia