List of Panaeolus species

Panaeolus is a genus of small, dark-spored, gilled mushrooms that includes both edible and psychoactive species. The genus is widely distributed and contains about 40 species. Panaeolus mushrooms are characterized by their black spore print, gill attachment which can be adnate to adnexed, and often mottled gills. They are commonly found in grassy areas, dung, and decaying wood. This article provides a list of notable Panaeolus species, highlighting their key features and habitats.

List of Panaeolus Species

• Panaeolus acuminatus - Known for its slender, bell-shaped cap, this species is often found in grassy areas.
• Panaeolus africanus - A species identified by its unique presence in African dung.
• Panaeolus antillarum - Notable for its large, white caps, it is commonly found in tropical regions.
• Panaeolus cinctulus - Also known as the banded mottlegill, it is a psychoactive species found in lawns and pastures.
• Panaeolus cyanescens - Widely known as the blue meanie, this species is sought after for its strong psychoactive properties.
• Panaeolus fimicola - Characterized by its small, brown caps, it is often found in dung and grassy areas.
• Panaeolus olivaceus - Distinguished by its olive-colored cap, it is typically found in dung.
• Panaeolus papilionaceus - Known for its distinctive bell-shaped cap with a papillate top, it is commonly found in lawns and grassy areas.
• Panaeolus retirugis - This species is recognized by its wrinkled cap and is often found in tropical regions.
• Panaeolus semiovatus - Also known as the egghead mottlegill, it is commonly found in dung and grassy areas.
• Panaeolus sphinctrinus - Known for its grey cap and psychoactive properties, it is found in grassy areas.
• Panaeolus subbalteatus - This species is notable for its broad, dark-brown cap and is found in rich, grassy areas.

Habitat and Distribution

Panaeolus species are commonly found in grassy areas, dung, decaying wood, and, occasionally, in rich, fertile soils. Their distribution is global, with species adapted to a wide range of climates from tropical to temperate zones.

Identification

Identification of Panaeolus species requires careful examination of several characteristics, including cap shape and color, gill attachment, spore print color, and habitat. Microscopic examination of spores can also be crucial for accurate identification.

Psychoactivity

Several Panaeolus species, such as Panaeolus cyanescens and Panaeolus cinctulus, contain psychoactive compounds like psilocybin and psilocin. These species are sought after for their hallucinogenic properties but should be approached with caution due to legal restrictions and potential health risks.

Edibility

While some Panaeolus species are edible, their small size and similarity to toxic species make them less desirable for foraging. Accurate identification is crucial for anyone considering consuming wild mushrooms.

Conservation

The conservation status of Panaeolus species varies by region. Habitat destruction and pollution pose threats to some species. Efforts to preserve their natural habitats are essential for their continued survival.

See Also

• Mushroom hunting
• Psychoactive mushroom
• Spore print