List of antipsychotics

Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics, are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, or disordered thought), particularly in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They are also increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders. Antipsychotics are divided into two categories: typical antipsychotics (first-generation) and atypical antipsychotics (second-generation). This article provides a list of antipsychotics categorized by their generation.

Typical Antipsychotics

Typical antipsychotics, also known as first-generation antipsychotics, were discovered in the 1950s. They are known for their effectiveness in treating the positive symptoms of psychosis but are also associated with a high risk of side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and tardive dyskinesia (TD).

List of Typical Antipsychotics

• Chlorpromazine
• Haloperidol
• Fluphenazine
• Perphenazine
• Thioridazine
• Trifluoperazine

Atypical Antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics, or second-generation antipsychotics, were developed in the 1980s and onwards. They are preferred for the treatment of psychosis due to their lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects and effectiveness in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

List of Atypical Antipsychotics

• Aripiprazole
• Clozapine
• Olanzapine
• Quetiapine
• Risperidone
• Ziprasidone
• Paliperidone
• Lurasidone

Choosing an Antipsychotic

The choice of an antipsychotic should be individualized based on the patient's previous response to treatment, side effect profile, and medical history. Clozapine is reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia due to its risk of agranulocytosis.

Side Effects

Side effects of antipsychotics can include drowsiness, weight gain, diabetes, and heart problems. Atypical antipsychotics generally have a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms but may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

Antipsychotics are a cornerstone in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia. The choice between typical and atypical antipsychotics depends on the individual's specific needs and medical history. Ongoing research continues to refine these treatments and explore new options.

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