List of basic biology topics

List of Basic Biology Topics

Biology, the scientific study of life, encompasses a vast array of subjects that are essential to understanding the complex interactions within biological systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive list of basic biology topics, serving as a foundational guide for students, educators, and enthusiasts. Each topic is a gateway to a deeper understanding of the natural world, from the microscopic level of cells and molecules to the global scale of ecosystems and the biosphere.

Cell Biology

Cell biology is the study of cells, their structure, function, and behavior. It includes understanding the properties of biomolecules, organelles, and the cell cycle.

• Cell
• Cell membrane
• Nucleus (cell)
• Mitochondrion
• Chloroplast
• Cell division
• Mitosis
• Meiosis

Genetics

Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation in organisms. This includes the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

• Gene
• DNA
• RNA
• Chromosome
• Genetic mutation
• Mendelian inheritance
• Genetic engineering

Evolution

Evolution is the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

• Evolution
• Natural selection
• Adaptation
• Speciation
• Extinction

Ecology

Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

• Ecosystem
• Biodiversity
• Population dynamics
• Food chain
• Biome

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and physiology involve the study of the structure of living things and how their parts work together.

• Human anatomy
• Organ (anatomy)
• Tissue (biology)
• Muscular system
• Circulatory system
• Nervous system

Microbiology

Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, and protozoa.

• Microorganism
• Bacteria
• Virus
• Fungi
• Protozoa

Botany

Botany is the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance.

• Plant
• Photosynthesis
• Flower
• Tree
• Algae

Zoology

Zoology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.

• Animal
• Mammal
• Bird
• Reptile
• Amphibian
• Fish

Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

• Protein
• Carbohydrate
• Lipid
• Nucleic acid
• Enzyme

Molecular Biology

Molecular biology concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins, and their biosynthesis.

• Molecular biology
• Gene expression
• Protein synthesis
• Recombinant DNA

Developmental Biology

Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.

• Embryo
• Stem cell
• Morphogenesis
• Regeneration

Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use."

• Biotechnology
• GMO
• Cloning
• CRISPR

Conservation Biology

Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions.

• Conservation biology
• Endangered species
• Habitat conservation
• Biodiversity hotspot