List of parasites of humans

List of parasites of humans

This is a comprehensive list of parasites that can infect humans. Parasites are organisms that live on or inside another organism, known as the host, and derive nutrients from the host. They can cause a wide range of diseases and health problems in humans. It is important to note that this list is not exhaustive, as new parasites are constantly being discovered.

Protozoa

Protozoa are single-celled organisms that can cause various diseases in humans. Some common protozoan parasites that infect humans include:

• Plasmodium species: These parasites cause malaria, a life-threatening disease transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. There are several species of Plasmodium that can infect humans, including Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale.

• Entamoeba histolytica: This parasite causes amoebiasis, an infection of the intestines that can lead to severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, liver abscesses.

• Giardia lamblia: Also known as Giardia, this parasite causes giardiasis, a diarrheal illness characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and bloating.

• Toxoplasma gondii: This parasite can cause toxoplasmosis, which is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can be dangerous for pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Helminths

Helminths are multicellular worms that can infect humans. They are divided into three main groups: nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes). Some common helminthic parasites that infect humans include:

• Ascaris lumbricoides: This roundworm causes ascariasis, a common infection characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malnutrition.

• Taenia solium: Also known as the pork tapeworm, this parasite can cause taeniasis when ingested in undercooked pork, and cysticercosis when the larvae migrate to various tissues in the body.

• Schistosoma species: These blood flukes cause schistosomiasis, a chronic disease that can affect various organs, such as the liver, intestines, and urinary tract.

• Enterobius vermicularis: Also known as the pinworm, this parasite causes enterobiasis, a common infection in children characterized by intense itching around the anus.

Ectoparasites

Ectoparasites are parasites that live on the external surface of the host. They include various species of lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. Some common ectoparasites that infest humans include:

• Pediculus humanus: This species of lice infests humans and causes pediculosis, a condition characterized by intense itching and the presence of lice and their eggs (nits) in the hair or on the body.

• Sarcoptes scabiei: This mite causes scabies, a highly contagious skin infestation characterized by intense itching and the presence of burrows and rashes on the skin.

• Ixodes scapularis: Also known as the black-legged tick or deer tick, this tick species can transmit various diseases to humans, including Lyme disease and babesiosis.

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing and treating parasitic infections in humans involves various strategies, including:

• Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly with soap and water.
• Avoiding consumption of contaminated food and water.
• Using insect repellents and protective clothing to prevent insect bites.
• Taking prescribed medications for specific parasitic infections.
• Seeking medical attention if symptoms of a parasitic infection occur.

See also

• Parasitology
• List of zoonotic diseases
• List of infectious diseases