Litharge

Litharge

Litharge is one of the natural mineral forms of lead(II) oxide (PbO). Litharge is a secondary mineral that forms from the oxidation of primary lead minerals such as galena and cerussite. It is typically found in the oxidized zones of lead ore deposits.

Properties

Litharge is a yellow or reddish-yellow mineral with a tetragonal crystal structure. It has a high density of 9.14 g/cm³ and a Mohs hardness of 2. It is insoluble in water but soluble in acids. Litharge is often associated with other lead minerals such as anglesite, mimetite, and pyromorphite.

Uses

Litharge has several industrial applications. It is used in the production of lead glass, ceramics, and batteries. It is also used as a flux in metallurgy and in the manufacture of paints and pigments. In the past, litharge was used in the production of lead-based paints, but this use has declined due to health concerns associated with lead exposure.

Health and Safety

Exposure to litharge can be hazardous due to its lead content. Lead is a toxic metal that can cause a range of health problems, including lead poisoning. Proper safety measures, such as the use of personal protective equipment and adequate ventilation, should be taken when handling litharge.

Occurrence

Litharge is found in various locations around the world, often in the oxidized zones of lead ore deposits. Notable occurrences include the United States, Australia, and Germany.

Related Minerals

• Galena
• Cerussite
• Anglesite
• Mimetite
• Pyromorphite

See Also

• Lead(II) oxide
• Lead poisoning
• Lead glass
• Ceramics
• Pigments