Liver cell adenoma

Liver cell adenoma (also known as hepatocellular adenoma or hepatic adenoma) is a rare, benign tumor of the liver that is most commonly found in women using oral contraceptives. It is characterized by the proliferation of hepatocytes, the main type of liver cells.

Epidemiology

Liver cell adenoma has an estimated incidence of 3-4 cases per 1,000,000 population. The condition is more common in women, particularly those on long-term oral contraceptive use. The risk is also increased in individuals with glycogen storage disease and type 1 diabetes.

Pathophysiology

Liver cell adenomas are benign tumors that arise from hepatocytes. They are typically solitary lesions, although multiple adenomas can occur. The tumors are usually well-circumscribed and can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. They do not contain bile ducts or portal tracts, which distinguishes them from focal nodular hyperplasia, another type of benign liver tumor.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with liver cell adenoma may be asymptomatic, or they may present with abdominal pain or a palpable mass. In rare cases, the tumor can rupture, leading to life-threatening hemorrhage.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of liver cell adenoma is typically made through imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A liver biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment for liver cell adenoma depends on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's symptoms and overall health. Small, asymptomatic adenomas may be managed with observation and discontinuation of oral contraceptives. Larger adenomas or those causing symptoms may require surgical removal.

Prognosis

The prognosis for liver cell adenoma is generally good, particularly if the tumor is small and asymptomatic. However, there is a risk of malignant transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly in adenomas larger than 5 cm or in male patients.