Local gigantism

Local gigantism or localised gigantism is a condition in which a certain part of the body acquires larger than normal size due to excessive growth of the anatomical structures or abnormal accumulation of substances. It is more common in fingers and toes, where it is termed macrodactyly. When it affects the entire limb, it is termed hemihypertrophy. The most known causes are related to a disturbance in the pituitary gland, which secretes growth hormone (GH).

Causes

Local gigantism may be caused by a number of factors. The most common cause is a disorder of the pituitary gland, which produces excess growth hormone. This can be due to a tumor, such as a pituitary adenoma, or other types of diseases. Other causes can include genetic disorders, such as neurofibromatosis or Proteus syndrome, and vascular malformations.

Symptoms

The main symptom of local gigantism is the excessive growth of a specific part of the body. This can lead to functional impairment, cosmetic concerns, and potential complications depending on the affected area. For example, if the hand is affected, it may be difficult to perform fine motor tasks. If the foot is affected, it may be difficult to find shoes that fit, and walking may be uncomfortable or difficult.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of local gigantism involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans, may be used to assess the size and structure of the affected body part. Blood tests may be done to check for elevated levels of growth hormone.

Treatment

Treatment for local gigantism depends on the underlying cause. If a pituitary tumor is causing the condition, treatment may involve surgery, medication, or radiation therapy to shrink the tumor. If the cause is a genetic disorder, treatment may involve managing symptoms and complications. Physical therapy may be helpful for improving function and mobility. In some cases, surgery may be needed to correct size discrepancies or to remove excess tissue.

See also

• Gigantism
• Acromegaly
• Pituitary gland
• Growth hormone

Local gigantism Resources
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