Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests

Bhawal National Park 1

Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests are a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of eastern India and Bangladesh. This ecoregion is characterized by a combination of deciduous forests and moist forests, which are found primarily in the lower Ganges River basin. It is a critical area for biodiversity, supporting a wide array of flora and fauna, including several endangered species.

Location and Description

The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests cover a significant area across the lower regions of the Ganges River, extending from the Indian states of West Bengal to Assam, and into parts of Bangladesh. This region is predominantly flat, formed by the alluvial deposits from the Ganges and its tributaries, creating a fertile landscape that is heavily utilized for agriculture.

Climate

The climate of the Lower Gangetic Plains is classified as a tropical monsoon climate, with high temperatures throughout the year. The area receives substantial rainfall from the South Asian Monsoon, particularly during the summer months, which supports the growth of moist deciduous forests.

Flora and Fauna

The forests are home to a diverse range of plant species, including both deciduous and evergreen varieties. Common tree species include the Sal (Shorea robusta), Teak (Tectona grandis), and various species of Bamboo. This rich plant life supports a diverse array of animal species, including the Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, and various species of deer, primates, and birds. The region is also important for the conservation of several endangered species, such as the Ganges river dolphin and the Bengal florican.

Conservation

Despite its ecological importance, the Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests face significant threats from human activities, including deforestation, habitat destruction, and pollution. These activities not only threaten the region's biodiversity but also its ability to provide critical ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and water purification. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and restore these vital forests, involving both governmental and non-governmental organizations.

See Also

• Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
• Ecoregions of India
• Wildlife of India
• Conservation in India