Lying in state

Lying in state is the tradition in which the body of a deceased official, often a head of state or other significant public figure, is placed in a state building, either outside or inside a coffin, to allow the public to pay their respects. This practice is a form of public mourning and is often accompanied by a guard of honour.

History

The tradition of lying in state dates back centuries and has been observed in various cultures around the world. In the United Kingdom, the practice became more formalized in the 19th century. In the United States, the first person to lie in state in the United States Capitol was Henry Clay in 1852.

Procedure

The procedure for lying in state varies by country and the status of the deceased. Typically, the body is placed in a prominent location, such as a capitol building, parliament, or other significant public building. The body is usually guarded by military or ceremonial personnel, and the public is allowed to file past the coffin to pay their respects.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, lying in state usually takes place in Westminster Hall, part of the Palace of Westminster. The most recent example was the lying in state of Queen Elizabeth II in 2022. The coffin is placed on a raised platform called a catafalque, and a guard of honour stands vigil.

United States

In the United States, lying in state typically occurs in the Rotunda of the United States Capitol. Notable figures who have lain in state include Abraham Lincoln, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan. The body is placed on the Lincoln Catafalque, a platform constructed for the lying in state of President Lincoln.

Significance

Lying in state serves several purposes. It allows the public to participate in the mourning process, provides a final tribute to the deceased, and underscores the importance of the individual's contributions to society. It is also a moment for national reflection and unity.

Notable Examples

• Winston Churchill (1965) - United Kingdom
• Franklin D. Roosevelt (1945) - United States
• Nelson Mandela (2013) - South Africa

Related Practices

• Lying in repose - A similar practice where the body lies in a location other than a state building, often a funeral home or family residence.
• State funeral - A public funeral ceremony, often involving lying in state, for a person of national significance.
• Public viewing - A more general term for any public display of a deceased person's body.

See Also

• State funeral
• Public mourning
• Guard of honour
• Catafalque