MERS coronavirus EMC/2012

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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus particle envelope proteins immunolabeled

MERS coronavirus EMC/2012

MERS coronavirus EMC/2012, also known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus EMC/2012, is a coronavirus that was first identified in 2012. It is a strain of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus. The virus was initially isolated from a patient in Saudi Arabia who presented with severe respiratory illness.

Virology

MERS-CoV EMC/2012 is an enveloped virus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. It belongs to the Coronaviridae family and the Nidovirales order. The virus has a characteristic crown-like appearance due to the presence of spike glycoproteins on its surface.

Transmission

The primary mode of transmission of MERS-CoV EMC/2012 is believed to be through respiratory droplets, although direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces may also play a role. Dromedary camels are considered a significant reservoir for the virus, and human infections have been linked to contact with these animals.

Symptoms

Infected individuals typically present with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which may require mechanical ventilation. Other symptoms may include gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea and vomiting.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MERS-CoV EMC/2012 is primarily achieved through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of respiratory specimens. Serological tests can also be used to detect antibodies against the virus.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for MERS-CoV EMC/2012. Management of the disease is mainly supportive, including oxygen therapy, fluid management, and mechanical ventilation if necessary. Experimental treatments and clinical trials are ongoing to find effective therapies.

Prevention

Preventive measures include practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and taking precautions when handling camels. Healthcare workers should follow strict infection control protocols to prevent nosocomial transmission.

Epidemiology

Since its discovery, MERS-CoV EMC/2012 has caused several outbreaks, primarily in the Middle East. Cases have also been reported in other regions, often linked to travel or contact with infected individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) continues to monitor the situation and provide updates on the virus's spread.

See also

• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
• Coronavirus
• Betacoronavirus
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome
• World Health Organization