MRE11A

MRE11A

The MRE11A gene encodes a protein that is a crucial component of the MRN complex, which plays a significant role in the maintenance of genomic stability. This complex is involved in the detection and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a critical type of DNA damage that can lead to genomic instability and cancer if not properly repaired.

Function

The MRE11A protein, along with RAD50 and NBS1, forms the MRN complex. This complex is essential for the initial recognition of DNA double-strand breaks and is involved in several key processes:

• DNA Damage Sensing: MRE11A, as part of the MRN complex, is one of the first responders to DNA double-strand breaks. It helps recruit other proteins involved in the DNA damage response.
• DNA End Resection: MRE11A has nuclease activity, which is crucial for processing the DNA ends to facilitate repair by homologous recombination.
• Activation of ATM Kinase: The MRN complex is necessary for the activation of ATM kinase, a critical regulator of the DNA damage response.
• Telomere Maintenance: MRE11A also plays a role in the maintenance of telomeres, the protective ends of chromosomes.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the MRE11A gene can lead to a variety of genetic disorders and increase susceptibility to cancer. Some of the conditions associated with MRE11A mutations include:

• Ataxia-Telangiectasia-Like Disorder (ATLD): This rare condition is characterized by progressive neurological problems and an increased risk of cancer, similar to Ataxia-Telangiectasia.
• Cancer Predisposition: Defects in the MRN complex, including MRE11A, can lead to genomic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer. Studies have shown that mutations in MRE11A are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and other malignancies.

Research and Therapeutic Implications

Understanding the function of MRE11A and the MRN complex is crucial for developing targeted therapies for cancer. Inhibitors of the MRN complex are being explored as potential treatments for cancers with defects in DNA repair pathways, such as those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

Also see

• DNA Repair
• Homologous Recombination
• Genomic Instability
• RAD50
• NBS1
• ATM