MSPI (nerve agent)

MSPI (Methylsulfonylphosphinoyl isopropylamine) is a nerve agent that belongs to the class of organophosphorus compounds. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is essential for normal nerve function in humans and many other species.

History

MSPI was first synthesized and characterized in the mid-20th century, during a period of intensive research into organophosphorus compounds. This research was driven by the potential use of these compounds as pesticides, as well as their potential for military applications as nerve gases.

Mechanism of Action

MSPI exerts its toxic effects by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses. When AChE is inhibited, acetylcholine accumulates at nerve endings, leading to overstimulation of muscles and glands, and potentially to death.

Symptoms of Exposure

Exposure to MSPI can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the route and extent of exposure. These can include difficulty breathing, blurred vision, vomiting, and seizures. In severe cases, exposure can lead to respiratory failure and death.

Treatment

Treatment for exposure to MSPI involves immediate removal from the source of exposure, decontamination, and administration of antidotes. The most commonly used antidotes are atropine and pralidoxime, which work by blocking the effects of acetylcholine and reactivating AChE, respectively.

See Also

• Nerve agent
• Organophosphorus compound
• Acetylcholinesterase
• Acetylcholine
• Atropine
• Pralidoxime