MT-TW

MT-TW is a gene that in humans encodes the mitochondrial tRNA for tryptophan. This gene is located within the mitochondrial genome, which is separate from the nuclear genome. The MT-TW gene is part of a group of genes known as the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, which are involved in the production of energy for cells (cellular respiration).

Function

The MT-TW gene provides instructions for making a molecule called transfer RNA (tRNA) for tryptophan, which is a type of amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The role of tRNAs is to carry amino acids to the site of protein synthesis in the cell. The tRNA for tryptophan carries the amino acid tryptophan to the mitochondria, where it is used in the process of building proteins.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the MT-TW gene have been associated with several mitochondrial disorders, including mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF). These conditions often involve muscle weakness and pain, seizures, vision loss, and problems with movement and balance.

See also

• Mitochondrial DNA
• Mitochondrial disease
• Tryptophan