Macrolepiota excoriata

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Macrolepiota excoriata is a species of mushroom belonging to the genus Macrolepiota, within the family Agaricaceae. This species is known for its distinctive features and is part of the larger group of mushrooms commonly referred to as parasol mushrooms. Macrolepiota excoriata can be found in various habitats, including grasslands, gardens, and fields, often favoring nutrient-rich soils. It is widespread in many parts of the world, including Europe and North America, where it grows solitarily or in groups during late summer to fall.

Description

Macrolepiota excoriata features a large, prominent cap that can range from 5 to 15 cm in diameter. The cap is initially convex, becoming more flattened or slightly umbonate with age. Its surface is characterized by a white to cream color, with brownish scales that become more pronounced towards the center. The margin of the cap is distinctive for its radial grooves and fibrous texture.

The stem of Macrolepiota excoriata is tall and slender, measuring 8 to 20 cm in height and 1 to 2 cm in thickness. It is white to off-white, with a smooth texture above the ring and a scaly pattern below. The mushroom features a prominent, movable ring on the upper part of the stem, which is a key identifying feature.

The gills of the mushroom are free, crowded, and white in color, turning cream with age. Spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and dextrinoid, contributing to the identification of the species.

Habitat and Distribution

Macrolepiota excoriata is a saprotrophic fungus, deriving nutrients from decomposing organic matter. It is commonly found in nutrient-rich, well-drained soils in grasslands, gardens, parks, and fields. This species has a wide distribution, occurring in various parts of Europe, North America, and possibly other regions. It tends to appear from late summer to autumn, depending on local climatic conditions.

Edibility

The edibility of Macrolepiota excoriata is a subject of debate among mycologists and foragers. While some sources suggest that it may be edible, caution is advised due to the potential confusion with similar-looking toxic species. Proper identification is crucial before consumption, and it is recommended to consult with experienced foragers or mycologists.

Similar Species

Macrolepiota excoriata can be confused with other members of the Macrolepiota genus, such as Macrolepiota procera (the true parasol mushroom), which is edible. However, distinguishing features such as the scale pattern on the cap and the characteristics of the stem can aid in identification. It is also important to differentiate it from toxic species like Amanita spp., which can have fatal consequences if ingested.

Conservation

As of the current knowledge, Macrolepiota excoriata does not appear to be under any immediate threat. However, like many fungi, its presence is dependent on the health of its ecosystem. Conservation of its natural habitats is essential for the sustenance of this species and the broader ecological balance.

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